Certification test requires the completion of a complete set of battery test required by a certification body, with many different focuses. For example, the United Nations has developed testing standards for the transport of dangerous goods to ensure that goods can be transported by ship, air or road.
During battery system design, battery engineers should gather sufficient information to meet customer requirements when formulating design, validation, planning, and reporting protocols.
The design, validation, planning, and reporting protocols should include specific details of all tests to be performed, including the number of battery test units, duration of tests, test locations, and criteria for battery test failure or success. The table below provides an example of designing, validating, planning, and reporting a solution. In addition to the above mentioned tests to be completed, battery test related requirements, certification criteria and pass criteria, the solution also includes a battery test report with accurate records.
The report is up to date, and the design and testing process is usually documented in tables, which is simple and easy to manage. Battery performance testing usually occurs in several phases, starting with battery characteristics. The purpose of battery characterization is to determine how the battery is performed under certain operating standards.
This allows systems engineers to design a system that ensures the battery does not operate outside this range. Make sure the battery experiences the same temperature during the battery test. In addition to performance testing, a certain amount of cycle life testing must be carried out during the characterization phase. The purpose of this battery test is to ensure that the battery meets the required power and energy at the end of its useful life and that the battery meets its warranty objectives.
The characterization test consists of many tests, of which the loop test may be the longest running part of the characterization test, lasting up to a year depending on the battery size.
In this example, you can be lucky enough to complete a loop every day. For example, if you test the battery of the Chevrolet Volt with If the battery is charged and discharged once a day for 10 years, times a year and 3, times in 10 years.
So even with three cycles per day, it would take over days over 3 years to complete this battery test plan! If a single cell is tested, especially when the cell is relatively small, it can be circulated multiple times per day. When designing, verifying, planning, and reporting protocols, cycle life tests must be performed on the final product.
Therefore, to save time, the final product can be tested directly. Hybrid pulse characterization tests are relatively simple, generally involving a very short discharge time, stagnation for a period of time before charging, and then repeating these processes. After these tests, a lot of data can be obtained, including the relationship between discharge depth and impedance, pulse power capacity, energy and power availability at different discharge depths, power and energy loss in the cycle process, maximum and minimum discharge values of the battery, heat released during operation, etc.
The remaining characterization tests should also be included in the design, validation, planning, and reporting protocols:. This is just one example of many tests of representation. In industrial and consumer applications, some characterization tests are similar and some are completely different. Assessment tests based on lead-acid batteries have been applied in the field of lithium ion batteries. Safety and abuse battery test covers a wide range of subjects, including overcharging of individual cells or entire batteries, pinprick tests of cells and batteries, simulated impact and vibration tests, spraying corrosive salt solution and gravel on battery enclosures, and high-pressure water shock.
Not all applications require testing the above items. When selecting safety and abuse tests, tests should be selective based on market, application, and geographic location. The FreedomCAR electric and hybrid electric vehicle abuse test is based on the first abuse test guidelines developed by the Advanced Battery Alliance in The two systems are the same. In practice, most lithium-ion battery manufacturers around the world recognize these two evaluation systems.
The evaluation system level ranges from 0 to 7. Level 0 means there is no impact on the cell or battery, while level 7 is considered to cause an explosion or rapid energy release of the battery system.
The ideal result is that at stages 0, 1 and 2, passive protection is turned on, causing minor damage but without gas, fire, rupture and structural looseness. Levels 4 to 7 are more difficult to resolve and generally require additional system protection measures. In , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory PNNL formulated codes and standards related to the safety of energy storage systems, which include all laws, regulations, guidelines, standards and regulations for the development, testing, certification and installation of all industrial, grid, fixed and household energy storage systems.
As the use of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems continues to grow, laws and regulations need to adapt to technology, and this specification and standard plays an exemplary role. This is mainly determined by the United Nations proposals on the transport of dangerous goods, which are implemented by different countries in conjunction with their own transport regulations.
A transport battery test manual for lithium-ion was developed after several major accidents involving them in the air. These possibly destructive tests may be used as needed to determine the response of a given electrical energy storage system design under specifically defined abuse conditions.
This manual does not provide acceptance criteria as a result of the testing, but rather provides results that are accurate and fair and, consequently, comparable to results from abuse tests on other similar systems. The tests described are intended for abuse testing any electrical energy storage system designed for use in electric or hybrid electric vehicle applications whether it is composed of batteries, capacitors, or a more » combination of the two.
Similar records in OSTI. GOV collections:. Title: FreedomCAR :electrical energy storage system abuse test manual for electric and hybrid electric vehicle applications. Full Record Other Related Research. Abstract This manual defines a complete body of abuse tests intended to simulate actual use and abuse conditions that may be beyond the normal safe operating limits experienced by electrical energy storage systems used in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. FreedomCAR :electrical energy storage system abuse test manual for electric and hybrid electric vehicle applications.
0コメント