This already inflated accusation cost e. This practice was already known and described in the medieval times and it led to the theories of just and fair price for product. The ideas surfaces again nowadays in controversies over fair trade. In modern neo-classical economics, the notion of a morally justifiable price is regarded as unscientific. The best is to talk about an equilibrium price in an open competition market, Thus, if the value of a good is equal to the price, someone is prepared to pay for it, that exchange cannot be said to be unequal.
The question that must be answered is what is the real worth. The question that must be answered is what is the real value of a commodity? What is their real worth? And how could this be subjective established? A related question is why the victim traded at a lower price, when he could have gottern a high price elsewhere.
The issue of value in politics and economy is purely as subjective matter. That is it can be judged only on the basis of how an individual actually lives his life and how he conduct himself in the market place. Therefore, value is essential a question of style, moral behaviour and the spirituality of individual and not an economic issue. Fair competition is said to be guaranteed.
In that case, the concept of unequal exchange can only refer to unfair trading practices such as; i Not getting equal opportunity in assessing the market. Conventional wisdom of the Washington, consensus has it, that is is always the periphery or the semi-periphery countries that got it all wrong especially dinning times of crisis. The Washington consensus represent the following policy priorities: i Fiscal discipline: A primary budget surplus of several present of GDP III ii Public Expenditure Priorities: Defined as redirections of public expenditure towards field with high economic returns such as primary health and education will make human for human capital.
This principle is also enshrine in the WTO treaty. When you allow foreign investment, it against development — especially the Washington. It should be noted that these policies has been denounced by some scholars as advancing the interest of the imperialist states. These policies has also been lebelled the globalization agenda and not intended to kick start or trigger development in third world countries.
The counter position advanced by globalization critics, environmentalists, liberation theologians of all denominations and most recently be dissident from neo liberal camp would hold that there is unfettered unrestrained increases in the social gab between the rich and poor, both within countries as well as one a global scale.
Most of the adherence of this camp share the view proposed by GTO Vanni, Andrea, Cornia and associates that income distribution in the world system has worsen during the period of modern globalization. Indeed, the challenge by dependency theory to the neo-classical consensus Washington consensus is a real one especially in a time of growing stagnation in the centres metropolitan and social polarization in many countries of the periphery.
It has been established fairly well enough that there is a continuous phenomenon of world poverty. Much of the confusion rest on the fact that most globalization studies deal with world incomes measured at exchange rate while world income distribution and world social equity is measured in power of basic human needs indicators one is measured in exchange rate, in terms of dollar while is measured For the globalization advocate for poverty reduction school to be maintained, it must be shown that several indicators of globalizations are not just the indicator of share of foreign trade by GDP but are significantly and systematically linked to a series of indicators of national and social well being including income redistribution, democracy and sustainable development irrespective of the developmental level achieved.
Finally, it should be noted that lot of literature study on cross national research are often diametrically opposed to one another are always different i. While neo liberal scholars claim the opposite. Unequal does not necessarily imply unfair. Reference is made to the human choice i. That is their own choice and they only have themselves to blame if they get a bad deal. At least if trade occurs, everyone can gain something from it, even it it means someone gaining more than others.
If that is accepted that all parties involved, then it cannot be morally wrong. Any attempt to do this is regarded as being subjective or biased in favour of some group or the other.
In any case, any economic exchange would be unequal for some point of view. That gave them an advantage or privilege position because they achieve it by their own initiative and therefore deserve the benefit. Much more earlier than These people was that post Marxist world system is based on the works of Karl Marx and V.
However in recent years, the non-Marxist interpretation of the world system approach have grown in strength more significantly Immanuel Wallerstein describe a world system as characterized by mechanism which bring about a redistribution of resources from the periphery to the core. In his terminology, the core is the developed i. These are these instrumentality of the market.
Its life is made up of the conflict forces which hold it together by tension and team against as each group seeks eternally to would it to its advantages. It has the characteristic of an organism in that it has the characteristics of an organism in that it has a life span over which its characteristic change in some respect and remain stable in others one can define its structure is being at different time strong or weak in terms of the internal logic of its functioning.
Life within it is largely self contained and the dynamic of it s development are largely internal. A world system is what Wallerstein termed a World integrated through the market rather than a political centre in which two or more regions are interdependent with respond to necessities like food, fuel and protection and two or more politics complete for domination without the emergency of one single centre forever there have been debt types of world system — unipolarinity, bipolarnity , multipolarnity will submerge as the history goes on Apart from this Wallerstein defines four 4 temporary features of the world system cyclical rhythms represented the short team fluctuation of economy while circular trends means deeper long tendencies such as general economic growth or decline.
In the theory Wallerstein theory. The last temporary features is the crisis, in the world system a crisis normally occurs of a constellation of circumstances bring about the losing of the system structure which also means the end of the system. However to be exact, the world system analysis is not a theory but an approach to social analysis and social change and whole some are underdeveloped some are developing and others are developed.
According to Osvaldo Sunkeb, the interpretation so far advance in the world system suggest that the international capitalist system contains an internationalized nuclour of activities, and second regions and social groups of vary degrees of importance in each country. The sector share common culture and way of life which expresses itself through the same books, texts, films, programmes, similar fashion similar groups similar organization of family and social life, similar style of decoration of homes similar orientation to causing, building, furniture and urban design.
Despite linguistic barrier, these sectors hence a greater capacity for communication among themselves than is possible between integrated and marginal person from the same country who speak the same language.
Modernization implies the gradual replacement of the traditional productive structure by another of much higher capacity intensiveness On one hand, the process of modernization incorporates into the new structures, the individual and groups that are out to fit into the kind of rationally that prevent there.
On the kind of rationally that prevail. On the other hand, if respects individual and groups that have no place in the new productive structure or who lack the capacity to become adapted to it. It is important to emphasis that this process like world system process does not only prevent or limit the formation of national entrepreneurial class but also of natural middle class and even a national working class.
This relationship unequal relationship usually result in one part getting developed and the other part remaining underdeveloped.
Much more than this embedded in the world system, are process of disintegration social integration and stagnation particular to the underdeveloped countries. Similar tendencies to the ones described above are therefore probably to be formed within individual state, church, armed forces, political parties among others.
Dependency and world system theories hold that poverty and backwardness as well as underdevelopment in poor countries are caused by the peripheral positions that these nations have in the international division of labour. Ever since the capitalist world system evolved, there is a stack distinction between the nations of the centre core and the nations of the periphery EARDOZO summaries the quantifiable essence of this relationship as follows i There is a financial and technological penetration by the developed countries.
The development of class relationships especially in the underdeveloped countries have adversely affected their developmental plans and has made them to become more underdeveloped. He argues that the optional method is to pursue analysis within systemic framework, long enough in time and large enough in space to contain governing logics which determine they largest part of sequential reality which simultaneously recognizing and taken into account that this systemic framework have beginning and end and are therefore not be conceived as an end phenomenon that there should be general framework specific to each culture and particular narration , world iii World system analysis also argues that contrary to the developed countries claims that they are societies have societies , that the modern states have never been societies, but rather they are the political must of modern societies interstate system and economy.
In Wallerstein view, there can be three kind of society across human history. World systems are large and ethnically diverse. Latin American countries and Africa states were caught in the debt trap in the 19 th century. Even in the late middle 12th and in early modern era i.
For instance Dutch capital help to finance English factories and to launch industrial revolution. Also Dutch manufacturing sector were built up with the aid of Italian capital. Increase allocation of credit precipitated and necessitated the establishment of central bank. It was joined with the 20th century by New York.
The year marked the beginning of the granting of foreign loans as we know it today. The English family bank Baring , the most powerful banking house of the million France to France which had been hit by the Napoleonic pons. This wet of trans-border financial transaction in Europe, was later to involve others in Europe.
Foreign loans have not only assume prominence in global financial transaction, it has always been a two edged instrument for debtor countries. However, in most cases, attempts by developing and post colonial dependence with foreign loans had merely increased these dependence. Foreign loans therefore for helping developing countries to escape the clutches of the colonial metropolis and to modernize their industries, have often plunged them into debt crises creditors therefore subject debtor countries to international financial control.
Thus, granting of loans has proved a lucrative business in which most of the risk are borne by the debtors. In the past, the payment morale was restored by gun boat diplomacy, today however methods of disciplining a debtor countries are subtler through the IMF stabilization programme it stands to reason therefore, that the effect of the debts on the development of third countries had been severe.
The dynamics of economic driven globalization has also resulted in the global reproduction of Africa think world problems. Poverty growing inequality, risk and vulnerability characterize the state system in third world countries. The emerging global social order put the security of nature and the quality of human life at risk, especially in Africa. It is not only worrying to those who are the beneficiaries of these debts, but to those who are the debtors themselves because the problem is strengthened, even overwhelming the little gains that hence been recorded in the third world nations.
Particularly worrisome, is that sub-sahara Africa seemed to be drifting aimlessly to the 21st century. The body polity frequently seems, ruthless swinging back and front mesmerized by the smallest movement. The collapse of the communist clock and the triumph of the neo-liberal ideological consensus as a mode of economic organization in African states are provided specific and adoptional fillips impetus or motivation to the reconfiguration of the third world countries.
Africa, so rich in human and natural resources, remains the economically poorest region in the world. And in many countries economic conditions have been getting worse for the past 20 years. Creditors, including IMF and World Bank imposed horse condition on indebted Africa countries which invariably drive away investors from the Africa continent. The debt crises remain the most severe and symphonic of a much older structural problems codify by the Bretton Woods System in the s.
The historical root are to be found in the colonial and post colonial economic system of good and financial transfer. The neo-liberal perspective IMF normally paint an attractive feature or scenario of growth with equity. It is however instructive that IMF ratify conditions are clearly historically determined.
Thus Africa is being nurtured with prescriptions which has not rooted in a holistic appreciation of and understanding of Africa reality. The technical aspect of the debt are secondary. In the face of the massive build up of surplus capital by OPEC countries in western banks and in order to avert recession, may countries actively encourage the recycling of these huge capital through extension of loans to developing countries and very literal towns and often without careful analysis.
In many cases, the population of the borrowing counties realize little or no benefit from the loans, as the money disappeared in fade infrastructural projects, corrupt scheme or white elephant project or unsoise investment, the debt has continue to grow since then as African government continue to take new loans to pay off old ones.
The Structural Adjustment Programmes SAP imposed on almost every country in the region since the early mandated massive layoff, sharp reduction in credit, increase taxes and higher interest rate, cut in spending on health and education and currency devaluation the debt overhand are actually a tap to keep them perpetuating poor i. Kind world debt problem assume crisis proportion by when the accumulation of external debt service obligation became overwhelming in the most infavourable external environment.
Today Africans are anxious about the future and the world they are living for their children. Debt peonage is threats to permanently trap the continent in a developmental black hole therefore many Africans see with profound grief that the much desire development may take many more generation to realize.
The neo colonial inheritance of instability, poverty and vulnerability to foreign penetration coupled with manipulation, pressure and exploitation and the general continuous of alienation, antagonism, backwardness, illiteracy, low industrialization and dependency on metropolitan countries are all evidences of colonial legacy. This gave rise to civil wars, communal clashes, human right abuses, marginalization, misplaced priority, frequent rehabilitation and repackaging of discredited leaders and the adoption of inappropriate models of development.
From the meager balance inherited at independence and after a few year of favourable economic growth, Nigeria government. Incompetent response to the huge windfall from the oil booms precipitated the debt burden.
The outcome began to manifest after the first oil shock of It should be noted that Nigerian is very large country in terms of land area and population but the inability of powerful centrifugal forces to agree on a common destiny led to the first stage of underdevelopment in Nigerian. The struggle between the northern, southern and western regions created sort of stalemate in the developmental process. However the pressure for increasing public expenditure could not be met by these subsistence farming and thus the discovering of oil was at the appropriate time.
During the first oil circle between —, the oil revenue amounted to The oil boom was design to increase the economy production capacity and human capital and the heal the wounds of the civil war. During the first oil circle, Nigeria finance massive public expenditure. But sources of the problems of corruption, patronage and kick-back, the oil proceeds was directly appropriated as salary increase for politicians and their military collaborators. The country borrowed heavenly externally for its first finance year plan in such borrowings were frugal of medium to long and sometimes concessional tenure.
At that time, debt sourcing was not a problem. The austerity measures reduce domestic and external imbalance, but fail to address the economic structural weakness which included a legacy of sustain agricultural decline and uncompetitative import dependent manufacturing sector and a cumbersome regulatory framework. This measures exerted heavy economy toll and proved politically unsustainable. The decline accelerated during the late 70s, 80s and even now thus open the space for foreign intervention on an unprecedented scale with indebtedness and aid and stick and cannot.
And increasingly, they have be- conte e thically ambiguous ancl half-thor,rg1-rt-throtrghreac tionary a[- temp[s to ameiiorate problerns exacerbatecl bv earlier activitie s of irn- perialism. Take the follor,ving examples:. The US invasion oF Panama, the clefensivelynamecl "Operation of an estimatecl tlvo Just Car-rse"involving the fatal bombing thousancl civilians in , rvasjustified as clelivering the people from an evil, clrug-lorcl general. Hor,vever, it r,vasa more than a qr,rainternbarrassment that General Nlanuel Noriega hacl previ- ously been sr,rpportedby the Unitecl States as a client clic[ator to aid their covef t r,varagains[ the Nicaraguan Sanclinistas.
Hor,vever,even though few cornmentators notecl that this intertribal r,varhas its roots in a long history of imperial interventions-German ancl then Belgian colonialism, ancl, more recently, support by the French, and also by the Belgians ancl US-backe d Zanrean troops for tl-re repressive Habyarimana regime-there was no atttotnatic sanc- tioning of Western involvement in Africa. I t e n t a i l e d f b r m s o f agency exlension; thzrtis, the Presence on the grouncl of agents of the empire.
With the clevelopment of electronic traciing, complrte r- ized storage of inforrnation, ancl an exponentially increasing move- ment of capital, there has been an abstraction of the possibilities of control ancl exploitation, an abstraction of the relationship betr,veen territory ancl polver, ancl an abstraction of the dotlinant level of in- tegration.
The lerrn "casino capitalism" Sltsau Strange partly cap- tures this process,but together lvith terrns such as "fictitious capital formation" that is, capital proclucecl i,vithout a grolvth ir-rproducliort of material objects it gives the misleacling impression that this ab- straction is less real than gunboat diplornacy-lnore ethereal than factory procluction.
To the contrary, rvhen, for example, global elcc- tronic markets sell fr-rtLrresoptions on agricttlttrral goocls not ye t pro- cluced ancl transnational cor-pora[ionsspecuiate on the basis of satel- lite weather forecastir-rg,the effects are very real. When economically viable agriculttrral procluction in the post-Green Revolution stage is increasingly botincl up r,vitha mocle of inquiry that accentuates genetically engineered plant hybricls, farmers are seerningly caught between tlvo choices: inclepenclent but margir-ral proch-rctivityor enhancecl bu[ ecologically vulnerzrble procluc[ion r v i t h i n c r e a s i n g c l e p e n c l e n c eo n W e s t e r n b i o t e c h c o r p o r a t i o t t s.
Globalism is not sim ply a pr ocessof c l i s - o rcl e r,fra g me n ta tion,or r tlptur e. T h e a rg u me n t tl- r atthe postr nocler nr ,vor ldhas becom e it tc r eas - ingly fragmentecl is found in r,vritersas sopl'risticatecl and concernecl a b o u t th e stru ctur es of the "social whole" as Ft' eclr icJam eson anc l D a vi clH a rve y. By explicitll' recognizing holv the na[ure of our analysisdepencls ttpon the place frorn wl-rich we begin the analysis in other lvorcls, the level of ab- strac[ion taken by the theory , we can usefully move across a maui- foicl of theoretical levels from on-the-grottnd cletailed clescription to generalizations about rnodes of practice ancl forms of social being i v i t h o r , r rp r i v i l e g i n g a n y o n e l e v e l.
I n c l o i n g s o , i l b e c o m e s p o s s i b l e t o say lhat the lvorlcl is becoming increasingl;r interconnecled at the most abstract level of integration-for example, by the clisemboclying netlvorks of electronic rnasscomrnlrnicatiou-even as social differ- ence and social clisruption at the level of the face-to-face is accer-rted in ancl throngh lhat same process' Proaosition 4 D e p e n c l e n c y i s a p r o c e s s o f s u b j e c t i o n , b u t t h a t c l o e sn o t m e a n t h a t i t i s a p a s s i v ep r o c e s s.
The concept of tion" is usecl here r,vitlran imbrication of meauings, analytically sepa- rable, but in practice bouncl up with each other. Seconcl, it is used in tl-reclrrrent t h e o r e t i c a l s e n s e o f t h e " s u b j e c I a S a g e n t , " r ' v i t h a n o d t o t h e r ' v a yi n r,vhich Homi Bhabha uses the concept as emphasizing the contin- gency of outside inscription and the temporary closttre involvecl in self-active ennnciation, but much closer to lvriters such as Raymonci Williarns ancl Aijaz Ahrnad who talk of persons being self-active in their own constitution as subjects with the self-activity itself being framecl by intersubjective structures.
Subjection r,vithin global capitalism is zr thoroughly clouble-sicled ancl self-active process. Postclepe activelt' ernbraced by Thircl lVorlcl policyrnzrkers. In Zarnbia, now twenfy-fir,'eyears after the postinclepenclence nalionalizarion of Zam- bia's copper nines, the governrnent of Freclerick Chiluba has en- terect into negotiations r,vith the Anglo-American Corporatiorl to place Zarrtbia Consoliclatecl Copper Nlines ZCCNI again uncler the control of boarclroorns in Johannesburg and Lonclon.
It sirnply makes "sense. In , the Etche people demonstratecl peaceably againsr Shell. The company responded by asking for military protection. The Nlobile Police Force was sent in: It massacredeighty people and destroyecl ,hornes. Similarly, the Com- monwealth countries that responcled ineffectively to lhe oil-field k i l l i n g s t h r o u g h t l - r ee a r l y 1 9 9 0 s c a n c l a i m t o h a v e c e n s n r e d A b a c h a symbolically, finally suspending Nigeria from the Comrnonwealth forum.
Be that as it rnay, through all of this the rr-rlingjunta clearly want Shell to contitrue operations, ancl they clo not understand that the executives of Sliell have to leave a clecent amolrnt of time before they return to the task of making profits. On the r,vorld stage, killing novelists or women ancl chilclren gets a very bacl reception-one much worse than that for executing clissidents. How cloes state-corporate depenclency lvork?
In this case, ancl rnany others, it is throush Thircl World regimes binding themselves to the global rnarket nexlrs both economically ancl culturally, thus confirminq- a historical conclition tl-raI n-rakes tl-re ltexLrs tighter. In overaccentuating the capitalist tnocle of prociuclion or ex- change as the basic cleterminant of contemporary international re- l a t i o n s , c l e p e n c i e n c yt h e o r y , w o r l c l s y s [ e m t h e o r y , a n d s o m e o f t h e i r recent variants present ris with a thoroughly recluctive account of so- cial practice.
Depenclency theory gave market-capitalism the upper hanci centttries before it came to be the p r e c l o m i n a n t f o r m a t i o n o f p r a c t i c e , b u [ e v e n i n t l - r ep r e s e n t p e r i o d i t is important not to turn late capitalism into a one-climensional svs- t e m. T h i s p u r e r capitalismof our olvn time tl-ruseliminatesthe enclavesof precapi- talist organization it had hitherto tolerateclar-rcl exploited in a trib- Lrtaryr,vay.
Or-reis tempteclto speak in this connection of a nerv ancl original penetration of Nature and the Unconscious:that is, the cle- struction of precapitalistThird lVorlclagriculture by the Green Rev- olution, ancl the rise of the mecliaand tl-reaclvertisinginciustry. This mocle extencls Llpon rather than replaces the lessabstract moclesof voice ancl print: One of the most strikingly reclrrrent media-ilnages of recent titnes h a s b e e n o f a p p a r e n t l y i s o l a t e c l t r a d i t i o r - r a lp e o p l e u s i n g c e l l t t l : t r r n o - bile phones.
The clorninant mocle of organization is the teciinical- r a t i o n a l b n r e a n c r a t i c. Rr,vandais the latest horrific example. This climension is usuaily baclly handled by contemporary theory, so in making this point le t me be gin r,vith an initially obtlrse me tl-rocl- o l o g i c a l p r e m i s e.
Attempting to get aroLu-ld tl-risproblem, poststrllcturalists writ- i1g frorn the stanclpoints of postcolonialism or sr-rbaltern stltclies in the opposite direclion, tencling to coi- lrrtbl"tt,uticatly heacl off l a p s e t h e o r y z r n c ip r a c t i c e i n t o e a c h o l h e r.
T h e y s t a r l f r o t n t h e r n o s t a b s t r a c t l e v e l o f a n a l y s i s ,c l e c o n s t n r c t i n g c a t e g o r - i e so f o n t o l o g y s u c h as iclentity ancl clifference, ancl clraw back to the particularities of his- tory r,vithoirt tl-retise of any micldle-orcler strlic[ural concepts sltch as "social forrnation" or "n-locleof practice.
The practices of zlctLlalpeople becoure allegories of this and that. Tire concept "onlology" i s i n t e n c l e d t o r e f e r t l - r em o s t b z r s i cf r a r n i n g c a t e g o r i e s o f e x i s t e n c e , but r,vel-raveto be carefttl to clistinguish the use of the concept from the psychologistic tenclency to attribute dependent personalities to the clispossesseclof the worlcl.
The passage from Nassau lVilliams on psychological clependency qtrolecl earlier is a case in point, but it is founci in tl-re mos[ unlikely places, from the travelogues of the post- structuralistJean Bauclrillard to occasional motnents in the revolu- tionary lvritings of Frantz Fanon.
The shining valtres of id. Conclusion As the political arglrments, theoret. One of its key prernises has been that major discrepancies of power operate u.. G l o b a l c a p i t a l i s m m a y h a v e b r o r - r g l - rvt a r y i n g c l e s r e e s o f velopment" to Thircl lVorlcl countries such as Brazil ancl Thaiianci, but it has brought a certain kind of developmen[, ancl with enor- molrs social. Sixty percent of the people of Brazil nolv live belor,va harsh poverty line, but without the old mear-Isof agricultrrral of sr-rbsistence.
Brazil's tourist lnecca of Rio has been through a stage poverty cleansing-inclucling the murcler ancl clearing out of its ,,r"", chilclren-but more than a million people cling to its outskirts, living in shanty towns r,vithnowhere else to go. Thailand's capital, Bapgkoli, is one of the most pollutecl cities in the r'vorlcl,r'vith people its com"mr.
Or-re of acl- major industries is tor,rrism. The Tour ism Authority of Thailand veitises itself in tl-reWest as "an exotic mixtttre of floating markets, streeI stalls anct clesigner bolttiques.
Global capitalism in conjunction r'viththe expansion of consumeristn ancl travel has revivecl the bocly as a fortn of traclecl comrnoclity in ways that, unlike eighteenlir-centriry slavery, has subverted local viltage ancl family life. He clevotesa grand total of two paragraphs to what he ''r-regative calls reciprocity"; that is, "attempts to maximize utility at the ex- peltse o f o t h e r s " p.
Sce elso. Berretton rvitl-r6, shops in one l-rundreclcor-tntries,2-I tLtrtlover o. Tl-re tirle of chapter 4 fi-on'r P. See also Fr-rkuyama'sThe lin. The nost influentizrl ancl most criticizecl book of the formzrtive years 'irt I'a,tin, Atnerica Nelv York: rvas Frank's Ca,pitat'istrt, ctntL Llntlercl.
Or-r tl-rebackgrounci ro cleveibpmenr tlieory ancl its critics, see Iau lLoxborougb',T'heorieso-fLln'rler' d eueloft'trtenl t,onclon: Nlacrnillan, 1'3. C o l i n L , e 1 ' s ' c l z r s szi L perrclency':Crirical Notes," reproclncec[ ii-rici. James, ec. Gyorgy Scrinis, Colonizing t. The clzrssicearly statement on the fragrnentatior-rsof postrnoclernitv b,va structuralist is FredricJameson's "Postmocterttism, or the Ctrltural Logic oFLate Capitalism" i , republishecl as chapter l of Postrnorlernistn o'r,th'e C,ttlturaLLig'ic oJ'l,ate Ca,pitalis'nt, I-ondon: Verso, Sirnilariy, Davicl Har- vey's The ConcLit'ion of Postntodernity Oxforcl: Basii Blackrvell, is a bril- lizrnt attempt to theorize tl're strlrctures of the changing world, but l-restill fzrllsback Lrpon the postmodernist language of fragrnentatiotl, tvitl-rout pro- vicling us with an accolutt of the levels at r'vhich it occttt-s.
For :r useful clisctrssionof'the relevance of a nonrecluctive "mocles of procltrction" zipproach to tire stucly of internatior-ralrelations, see Robert Cox, Pt'ocl,ut:ti. To be [r-;rirrc[ in 1-risforthconrins:rnthologi'Al tlie lidgz oJ. From CooLN[ent. Fraltz Fanor-r, Wretclt,erl oJ'tlt. Australin,n tVlrtgctzlzre December i 6 , 1 9 9 5. Reportecl in the internzrtiot'ralfasir i o r-rtn agazin e lv'Iar i t: CIrti re N ov.
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